Wednesday, July 1, 2026

June 30/2026

                       

Can Guinea Pigs Eat Apples?

Sandra C. Mitchell, DVM, DABVP
Published Mar. 19/2026

Guinea pigs can eat apples, but only in moderation as an occasional treat.

A healthy guinea pig diet should primarily consist of hay, grasses, & leafy green vegetables, which provide the nutrients needed for proper digestion & overall health. Fruits can be offered occasionally, but they should not replace staple foods.

Are Apples Good for Guinea Pigs?
Apples can be a nutritious treat for guinea pigs when fed in small amounts.

They contain beneficial nutrients such as:
-Vitamin C
-Fiber
-B vitamins
-Antioxidants (flavonoids)

However, apples are also high in natural sugar, which can be harmful if fed too frequently or in large quantities. For this reason, apples should never become a regular part of your guinea pig’s daily diet.

The foundation of a healthy guinea pig diet should remain:
-Timothy hay (primary food source)
-Leafy green vegetables
S-mall amounts (1–2 tablespoons) of timothy-based guinea pig pellets

Can Guinea Pigs Eat Apple With Skin?
Yes, guinea pigs can safely eat apple skin, & it contains many of the fruit’s key nutrients.

The skin is especially rich in fiber & potassium, which contribute to the overall health benefits of apples.

However, some guinea pigs may not like the texture or taste of the skin. In these cases, peeling the apple is an option—but keep in mind that doing so removes much of the fiber & reduces some of the nutritional value.

If your guinea pig refuses apple with the skin, you can try offering a small peeled piece, but leaving the skin on is generally the more nutritious choice.

Can Guinea Pigs Eat Apple Seeds?
Apple seeds should be removed before feeding apples to guinea pigs.

Seeds can pose a choking hazard & contain small amounts of cyanide, which can be harmful in large quantities. While accidentally ingesting a small, well-chewed seed is unlikely to cause problems, it is safest to remove all seeds before offering apples to your guinea pig.

Can Guinea Pigs Eat Cooked Apples?
Cooked apples are safe for guinea pigs if no added ingredients are included.
Apples that are baked or stewed can be offered as long as they are plain & free of sugar, cinnamon, nutmeg, & other additives.

However, cooking reduces the nutritional value of apples. For this reason, cooked apples should be considered an occasional treat rather than a regular part of your guinea pig’s diet.

Can Guinea Pigs Eat Wild Apples?
Guinea pigs can eat most varieties of apples, including wild apples, with a few precautions.

Many wild apples are more tart & acidic, which may be less appealing to guinea pigs & cause mouth irritation if eaten in excess.

If you have access to a sweet, pesticide-free apple tree, you can safely offer small amounts of fruit.
Apple tree branches are also beneficial for guinea pigs. They provide chewing enrichment, support dental health, & offer mental stimulation.

Leaves can remain on the branch & may be eaten as an additional snack.

Can Guinea Pigs Be Allergic to Apples?
Allergies to apples in guinea pigs are very rare, but food intolerance is more common.

Instead of a true allergy, some guinea pigs may have difficulty digesting apples. This can lead to:
-Upset stomach
-Bloating
-Diarrhea

If your guinea pig shows any of these signs after eating apple, stop feeding apples (& other fruits & vegetables) immediately & increase their intake of timothy hay, which helps support digestion.

Mild digestive upset often resolves quickly with this adjustment. However, if diarrhea lasts more than 24 hours or your guinea pig appears lethargic or unwell, contact your veterinarian right away. Diarrhea in guinea pigs can be life-threatening.

If your guinea pig does not tolerate apple well at first, you may be able to try a smaller portion in the future to see if it is better tolerated.

How Much Apple Can a Guinea Pig Eat?
Guinea pigs should only eat small amounts of apple as an occasional treat due to its high sugar content.

A typical serving is about one ½-inch cube, up to twice per week, as long as your guinea pig tolerates it well & does not develop diarrhea.

Guinea pigs benefit from a variety of fresh foods, but these should be introduced gradually. Fresh fruits & vegetables can total about ½ cup per day, but only after your guinea pig has adjusted to them.

To keep your guinea pig healthy:
-Introduce new foods slowly
-Monitor for digestive upset
-Remove any uneaten fruit after 24 hours
-Always provide fresh replacements
-Remember, the foundation of your guinea pig’s diet should always be timothy hay & grasses.

How To Safely Feed Apples to Your Guinea Pig
The safest way to feed apples to your guinea pig is to offer small, fresh, plain pieces.

Before feeding your cavy apples, be sure to thoroughly wash them.

Some guinea pigs—especially those that are ill—may enjoy a small amount of homemade applesauce, but it must not contain sugar, spices, or flavorings.

Another fun option is to make a small “apple salad” by combining leafy greens (such as spinach or kale) with small pieces of apple & other safe vegetables like carrots or celery.
Just be sure to keep fruit portions limited & avoid overfeeding.

What To Avoid
Guinea pigs should not be fed:
-Baked goods (such as muffins or cakes)
-Dried apples or dried fruit (choking hazard & high sugar content)
-Store-bought applesauce, canned apples, or pie fillings (often contain additives)
-Frozen or processed apple products with added ingredients.

What Other Foods Can Guinea Pigs Eat?

Guinea pigs are herbivores & require a diet primarily made up of hay & high-fiber plant foods.

In the wild, guinea pigs eat grasses & other fibrous vegetation, & their digestive systems are not designed to handle large amounts of sugar, carbohydrates, or even excessive pellets.

For optimal health, your guinea pig’s diet should consist mainly of timothy hay & grasses.

To provide balanced nutrition, you can also include:

-Small amounts of timothy-based pellets
-Fresh vegetables & fruits (introduced gradually)

If your guinea pig is not used to fresh foods, introduce them slowly over several weeks, working up to about ½ cup per day of fruits & vegetables combined.

Leafy greens can be fed in larger quantities, including:
-Kale
-Romaine lettuce
-Green a& red leaf lettuce

Other safe foods include:
-Blueberries
-Green pepper
-Pumpkin
-Tomato
-Squash
-Broccoli
-Cauliflower
-Endive
-Carrot tops
-Beet greens
-Kiwi
-Pear
-Mango
-Strawberries
-Asparagus
-Melon
-Cilantro
-Zucchini
-Oranges

Offering a variety of vegetables & fruits helps support a well-balanced diet, but high-sugar foods should always be given in moderation.

Frequently Asked Questions About Apples & Guinea Pigs

Can guinea pigs eat apples every day?
No, guinea pigs should not eat apples every day. Apples are high in sugar & should only be given as an occasional treat, about 1–2 times per week in small portions.

What happens if a guinea pig eats too much apple?
Too much apple can cause digestive upset, including diarrhea & bloating. If symptoms occur, stop feeding fruit & increase hay intake. Contact a veterinarian if symptoms persist beyond 24 hours.


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Wednesday, June 24, 2026

June 24/2026

                                  

These Adorable Toy Dog Breeds Are Like Owning A Puppy Forever

By Asia Mayfield  

Aug. 31/ 2025 

All dogs are lovable & cute, but puppies are especially adorable. Their meltingly sweet eyes, tiny bodies, & zany energy can be irresistible, but some of that puppy charm naturally changes as the dog gets older — unless, of course, you have a toy breed at your side. Toy breeds are easy to spot because they weigh under 10 pounds even as adults, looking like puppies their entire lives.

Many toy breeds were bred to be companions, so they can act like loving puppies, too. Historically, toy breeds were often found in royal households across Europe & Asia, & they're known for being affectionate & inquisitive. Now, city dwellers are most likely to be associated with these tiny dogs, as their size & friendly demeanor make them perfect for apartments. In fact, toy breeds are so adaptable that you can find one to fit almost any lifestyle. You might even see a teensy chihuahua being carried in a purse or a fluffy dog like a Pomeranian being pushed in a stroller. Ultimately, people fawn over these toy breeds because they retain their puppy aura forever, & we're breaking down 15 unique dogs from this category in case you want to join the toy train.

The Chinese crested is small, playful dog breed that loves people

Someone with a Chinese crested dog will rarely have the biggest pooch at the dog park, but they might have the most noticeable one. Chinese crested dogs can be hairless with spotted skin & a few long tufts of hair, or they can have a silky, elegant coat. Either way, they're visually striking & bound to get attention. The breed's unique looks alone are enough to justify a fan club, but it has something even better: incredible energy & a charming, puppy-like personality.

Members of the r/chinesecrested Subreddit frequently describe their dogs as "loving" & "smart." Many even call their furry companions "Velcro dogs" because they're so loyal & attached. Puppies can sleep for up to 20 hours & then spend just a handful of hours interacting with its favorite humans. An adult Chinese crested might spend even more time engaging with people because it sleeps less & doesn't desire much alone time.

Pomeranians are the cutest fluffballs

Adopting a Pomeranian means you'll never have to worry about your adorable puppy outgrowing your lap. Even the largest pom typically weighs less than 8 pounds. Looks-wise, these tiny fluffballs can be mistaken for puppies their entire lives, & if you're unfamiliar with adult Pomeranians, you could even play with one and think you were romping with a puppy. It's easy to be fooled by the abundant charm & affectionate nature.

Pomeranians are so playful & cute that the top Pom on Instagram, Jiffpom, has almost 9 million followers! One fan said Jiffpom is "an actual walking stuffed animal & we're in love," another called him "the most adorable doggie ever." He's appeared on TV, in a movie, & in Katy Perry's "Dark Horse" music video. At 15 years old, Jiffpom is the perfect example of the breed's enduring puppy-ish appeal.

Toy poodles are one of the most iconic small dog breeds

The poodle has the refined beauty of an aristocrat, but don't let its regal bearing give you the wrong idea. Full-sized poodles are champion swimmers that were bred to hunt ducks. Toy poodles are too little to be effective hunters, but they retain classic poodle athleticism. They're tiny, fluffy balls of energy that are especially beloved because they act like puppies forever. They're eager & curious, & they're even rated "lovey-dovey" by the American Kennel Club!

If that weren't enough, toy poodles are also incredibly smart. Groups dedicated to the breed often highlight how these dogs are easy to train & almost seem human. Some pet parents even say that having a poodle is like having a toddler. "Having a poodle is more akin to having an intelligent child rather than a dog," one person wrote on the r/poodles Subreddit. This intelligence is another reason why your toy poodle might remind you of a puppy for life. It's always happy to learn, just like a pup that's still figuring out its world.

Cavalier King Charles spaniels have been beloved small dogs for centuries

If you love Cavalier King Charles spaniels, you're in good company. Floppy-eared & full of spunk, these eternal puppies have been adored by royalty. King Charles II of England loved his spaniels so much that he took them to court meetings, & their bond is cemented in the breed's name. Queen Victoria was also enamored with spaniels. She fell in love with a King Charles Spaniel named Dash, who acted like the queen's shadow, following her everywhere & receiving royal treatment. The dog was even a popular painting subject at the time, so you can still be charmed by his endearing good looks.

The 19th century might have had Dash, but we have Instagram-famous Cavalier King Charles spaniels like Penny & Pippin. Penny is 9 years old & just as cute now as when she was a puppy, while Pippin is nearly 3 & so stinkin' adorable. You'll love this breed's personality as well. People describe Cavalier King Charles spaniels as cuddle bugs that are happy around kids, strangers, & other dogs. They tend to act like sweet, trusting puppies forever.

Havanese dogs are tiny and require a lot of attention

Are you searching for a cuddle buddy? Try adopting a Havanese. These dogs may not be the most energetic among the toy breeds, but it would be hard to find friendlier creatures. Their exuberant warmth is as comforting as a puppy's, whether they're 1 year old or 10. They also love to play, happily starting a game with you, your neighbors, your kids, or anyone else they encounter. Small breeds are sometimes great watchdogs, but the Havanese is far too sociable & fun to play that role well.

Visually, these dogs almost look like cartoon puppies because they're so cute. Their tiny size helps, but that's not the only reason they seem to have eternal youth on their side. Havanese dogs have endearing faces that are often turned lovingly toward their families, just as puppies eagerly watch their moms. But instead of trying to learn from you, a Havanese keeps its eye on you because it loves you & wants to please. Users on the r/Havanese Subreddit share that they rarely leave their "Velcro dogs" for more than 6 hours at a time because the dogs need attention, but they can be trained to spend several hours without you.

Pekingese dogs are one of the most mischievous toy breeds

Legend says that Pekingese dogs are lions turned small by the Buddha. Their long, puffy hair can even resemble a lion's mane from a distance, but these tiny dogs are much gentler than big cats. Pekingese are known for being intelligent, affectionate, & quite opinionated. Combine these traits with their diminutive stature, & you get a breed that stays like a puppy forever. The Pekingese also has the mischievousness of a spunky puppy. A dog like a Havanese will adapt to any situation & happily greet new people, while a pekingese may avoid small children & stick to its family.

Part of the joy of having a puppy is that you get a loyal best friend who lives for cuddling & can fit in your lap. When you adopt a Pekingese, you can experience that joy throughout the dog's entire life. That's why these dogs are often brought to stores & restaurants. For instance, famous figures like Elizabeth Taylor & Joan Rivers were known for going about in public with their Pekingese pups.

Papillons are a small but athletic dog breed

If you look at their large, adorable ears, it's no surprise that Papillons are inquisitive creatures. They hear everything, & they want to be involved, just like puppies. They were originally bred to be the companions of rich & titled Renaissance-era women who wanted small, good-natured pets. These dogs resemble puppies because that's the look that the noblewomen wanted. However, despite their teensy size, Papillons have quite the rugged streak. They're rough-&-tumble dogs that flourish in most environments & are extremely athletic. If you want to see a Papillon in action, just go to a dog show. You're sure to find one zipping through an obstacle course.

If you prefer to fawn over the breed's calmer characteristics, head to Instagram & follow the antics of 4-year-old Bimba. She's not a puppy anymore, but she still has all of her youthful good looks. Most pictures even show the big, puppy-like smile that fans adore.

Russian toy dogs balance cuteness with high energy

The Russian toy is among the smallest dogs on this list. Its maximum healthy weight is just 6.5 pounds. Looking at one of these tiny canines can evoke the same emotions that looking at a puppy does, regardless of the Russian toy's age. In both cases, there's a sense of sweetness & vulnerability. Russian toys are so dainty & fine-boned that you have to be careful about keeping them around small children. Little ones can unintentionally hurt this breed by being too rough with it.

Russian toys are delicate, yet they're also fairly energetic & sprightly. A happy Russian toy can keep you entertained all day with bouts of dog zoomies & bouncy play. One pet parent even claimed on the r/terrier Subreddit that they've "never" met a "lazy [Russian toy]." Don't worry about having to go on long walks or grueling treks, though. Because they're the size of little puppies, it doesn't take much to exercise a Russian toy. A 20-minute walk & a few games of fetch in the living room are enough to keep them healthy & happy.

Maltese dogs will make you want to pet them all the time

Maltese dogs are almost as small as Russian toys, with the average adult weighing less than 7 pounds. You might even find a fully grown, healthy Maltese that weighs just 4 pounds. The breed's minuscule size & devoted nature are reminiscent of a puppy in all the best ways. Owners on the r/Maltese Subreddit say their dogs look like puppies & have the "cutest sad puppy eye look." You can emphasize your dog's young look even more by giving your Maltese a short puppy cut. These dogs naturally have long, silky white hair that trails on the ground, & the puppy cut keeps their hair short & easy to manage.

The Maltese looks like a canine model, but it's the dog's personality that's especially lovable. They're spirited, obedient, & very affectionate. You'll be enchanted by this breed if you want a furry companion that lives to be on your lap. With the Maltese, you get to relish its puppy-like behavior into old age.

Miniature pinschers stay fun & little for their whole lives

If you want a dog that will always look like a puppy but aren't a fan of lovey-dovey lap dogs, adopt a miniature pinscher. This feisty breed was once used to hunt rats, & it hasn't lost its athleticism. Having a min pin, as they're often lovingly called, means committing to giving them ample exercise. They're happy in apartments but don't want to lounge on the couch forever; after all, they're one of the most active dog breeds! The miniature pinscher is also sometimes called the "king of toys" due to its courageous & confident personality.

Don't worry; these independent dogs are still very attached to their humans. They won't cling to you, but they love being in your presence. And if you're amused by erratic puppies, you'll find a lot to appreciate in this breed. Pet parents on the r/minpin Subreddit say their adult dogs remain spry even in old age & have "loads of energy at all times." These dogs are pretty social, too. Max, a popular min pin on Instagram, is 10 years old & often pictured riding in strollers & exploring new places.

Pugs were bred to be an adorable toy dog breed

Pugs have a royal lineage that stretches back thousands of years. Many people know that the pug was an official mascot for Holland's House of Orange, but before it reached Europe, this squat-faced, muscular dog sat alongside Chinese emperors. You shouldn't expect a calm, dignified creature if you adopt a pug, however. They tend to act like happy, curious puppies all the time. Owners on the r/pugs Subreddit say their dogs are "Velcro dogs" who would willingly spend every waking moment with their families. One warns that even going to the bathroom becomes a group activity when pugs are involved. "But never have I ever encountered a creature that loves & trusts its human so absolutely," another shared.

Pugs will happily shower you with attention, but you can be warmed by the pug's appearance, too. They have the eternal puppy look that so many dog lovers appreciate. Chinese breeders bred pugs to have wrinkles, so their flat faces are tiny like a puppy's but still very unique.

Biewer terriers are a gentle & playful toy dog breed

Biewer terriers resemble puppies so much that their behavior is widely seen as reminiscent of children. They're happy to play with you or entertain themselves with their own silliness. Biewer terriers are the perfect dogs to play games like hide & seek with because they're extremely intelligent & fun, yet their play has a mellow quality that's rare in toy breeds. They're easy-going & playful rather than hyper. Members of the Friends of Rocky Mountain Biewer Terriers Facebook group are effusive with their praise, calling the breed "precious," "doll"-like, & "sweet."

These dogs resemble what they are: tiny terriers with black button noses. The length of their coat depends on your preferences. If you're willing to keep up with the maintenance, you can have a Biewer terrier with impressive, flowing hair. If you're not, you can make your Biewer terrier look more like a puppy & give it a short cut.

Shih Tzus are one of the cutest toy dog breeds around

The people-pleasing shih tzu is another long-haired show dog with gorgeous looks & an appealing personality. The puppy comparison is almost automatic because of the breed's extreme sweetness. Shih tzus are perfectly happy to spend all day cuddling with their favorite people. They're pretty much the ultimate lap dogs. They love being with family so much that many pet parents bring their shih tzus along when running errands. The Shih Tzus of Instagram group regularly features images of tiny shih tzus in stores & crowded human spaces.

All that loving energy comes with a slight downside, however. Shih tzus can suffer from separation anxiety, a condition that frequently strikes young puppies. Many toy breeds are susceptible to separation anxiety, but the delicate & sensitive shih tzus may be especially so. Fortunately, they're very comfortable around kids & other dogs, so there are plenty of potential playmates you can provide them with. You can even try out some puzzle games to keep your dog mentally stimulated between games of fetch. The breed's small legs mean it doesn't need much exercise!

Chihuahuas are a temperamental breed, but it's worth it

The itty-bitty chihuahua is one of the oldest breeds in the Americas. Its weight typically tops out at 6 pounds, meaning it has puppyish features for life. In fact, the chihuahua is so tiny that it's the poster child for the dogs-in-purses craze. On the r/Chihauhua Subreddit, one owner explained that they used to think people who carried the little dogs around in purses were silly & annoying the animals but have since realized that many dogs actually love that method of travel. Their own dog hops into their purse whenever they stand near the front door now!

Chihuahuas accept being inside purses because they cherish the closeness to their special humans. This is a devoted & loyal breed that understands its role as a lap dog. However, it isn't quite as universally friendly as some toy breeds. Chihuahuas aren't necessarily the best dog breed to have around kids & strangers. Early socialization can potentially make this better, with some pet parents even recommending spending a full year focusing on socializing your pup.

Yorkshire terriers are an energetic yet loving toy dog breed

To see why Yorkshire terriers are on this list, just look at Ducky's Instagram. Ducky is a senior Yorkie living the good life in Los Angeles. He's overwhelmingly cute & still gets comments asking if he's a puppy, which is normal for this breed. Big-eared Bally from the r/Yorkies Subreddit was over 15 years old & still playing energetic games of fetch in a 2023 video. When they're not romping, Yorkshire terriers are cuddly creatures who thrive in human company. They're a little bit mischievous, too, so you'll never be bored.

When you look at a Yorkshire terrier, you see a true representative of canine beauty. The dog's glorious, floor-length coat makes it a dog-show regular, while its attentive little face has classic terrier charm. Like most long-haired breeds, it looks more like a puppy with short hair. Long-haired Yorkies exude refinement & grace rather than impish puppy glee.

Read More: https://www.cuteness.com/1952097/adorable-toy-dog-breeds-like-owning-puppy-forever/

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Wednesday, June 17, 2026

June 17/2026

                                

How the Enchanting, Elusive Pink Fairy Armadillo Became One Scientist’s Obsession

by James Hall

Jan. 26/ 2023

In the arid desert of Argentina’s Mendoza Province, Mariella Superina waits patiently for a fantastic creature to emerge from its lair beneath the sands. Her quarry, the pink fairy armadillo (Chlamyphorus truncatus), looks like it could have scurried straight out of the illuminated pages of a medieval bestiary. The animal’s shell, paws, & tail are a vibrant bubblegum pink that contrasts with its silky, milk-white fur & black eyes. About the size of a hamster—a mere 6 inches from head to tail & weighing just a quarter of a pound—it’s the smallest of all armadillo species. It’s found only in Argentina, in a broad swathe of sunbaked scrubland that stretches from the foothills of the Andes to the coastal province of Buenos Aires. And that is about all we know of these wondrous animals. “They are a total enigma… We don’t even know if they are common or rare,” says Superina.

In fact, some people doubt whether they’re even real. “The first question that hits on Google is, ‘Do pink fairy armadillos exist?’” says evolutionary biologist Simon Watts, author of We Can’t All Be Pandas (Ugly Animal Preservation Society). “‘Pink fairy armadillo’ does frankly sound fictitious.”

Watts, whose podcasts & tv shows champion the less charismatic members of the animal world, doesn’t count the pink fairy armadillo as one of his unsung uglies—between its cotton candy colors & curious name, he says, “people tend to be fascinated when they hear of them.”

Instant fascination was certainly Superina’s reaction the first time she saw one of the tiny mammals. “I was speechless,” she says. “At that moment I knew I wanted to learn everything I could about it. It became an obsession.”

Originally from Switzerland, Superina began studying armadillos in western Argentina 25 years ago. Today, she leads an international team that monitors global populations of anteaters, sloths, & armadillos but, thanks to her pink fairy armadillo obsession, she has also become the leading expert on the diminutive & enigmatic animal. She even hosted a live pink fairy armadillo—which turned out to be a real diva—in her living room in the name of science.

Studying the animal in its natural habitat, however, has eluded her—& everyone else. For centuries the armadillo has evaded the most determined scientists; even Charles Darwin failed to collect a specimen during his visit to Argentina. The pink fairy remains as mysterious as its name suggests because of its subterranean lifestyle, the result of adaptation to a changing environment millions of years ago.

That’s when global climate patterns shifted, transforming the Andean foothills from grasslands into semi-arid deserts. As its habitat became less hospitable, the pink fairy’s ancestor retreated from the surface, evolving into a burrowing, or fossorial, animal. “Burrowing habits tend to appear when habitats become open, going from tree cover to grasslands or deserts, or when they get really hot,” said the University of Oregon’s Samantha Hopkins, who studies small mammal evolution, in an email.

Underground, in the absence of predators, most of the pink fairy’s shell softened, losing its defensive function. It serves instead as an air conditioning system: In hot weather, the armadillo flushes its shell with blood, radiating heat & cooling down its core body temperature. Using its brawny foreclaws, the armadillo burrows through the sandy soil hunting for worms & insects. As it digs, it uses its armored butt plate to compact the loose soil in its wake, shoring up tunnels to prevent collapses.

The elusive armadillo does appear above ground, when excessive rainfall—unusual in this desert region—floods its burrows. But the sight of a pink fairy is so rare that, “Octogenarians who have lived all of their lives in these rural areas (may have) seen this animal only once or twice,” says Guillermo Ferraris, a provincial ranger who works primarily in wildfire management. “But they never forget it.”

When the pink fairy armadillo does leave its subterranean sanctuary, it encounters a bewildering & perilous world. Towns & vineyards are gradually replacing what was once vast scrubland. Herds of feral goats overgraze vegetation & compact the soil under their hoofs, hindering the armadillo’s ability to dig its burrows. Oil fields & asphalt roads busy with trucks & cars bisect the desert landscape, isolating armadillos from one another.

Out of their element, pink fairy armadillos are highly vulnerable to speeding cars & predators, including dogs & cats. Sometimes, however, Superina gets a call: A live armadillo has turned up. She rushes to the scene to collect data vital to understanding the species. “It’s always a magical experience to see a pink fairy armadillo in the flesh, up close, but I put my awe to one side because we have to work fast to avoid causing any unnecessary stress, so we can immediately release the animal,” she says.

On one occasion several years ago, however, she did take one of the rescued animals home. The provincial department of natural resources had requested her help: The idea was that, by studying the basic needs of an animal under her care, Superina could improve the chances of successfully rehabilitating injured armadillos, so they could be released back into the wild. Despite being obsessed with the armadillo, it was not an easy sell for Superina.

“At first, I refused because these animals are very sensitive & usually die within a few days,” she says. “But then I realized that, for their conservation, we need to understand if it’s possible to keep them alive in captivity.”

Even now, as she recalls the event, she stresses that it’s not only illegal but also unethical to keep the animals as pets. Undertaking her role as armadillo caregiver required a special permit—& some serious home renovation. Ferraris, Superina’s partner, built a huge, sand-filled terrarium for the armadillo in their living room, creating natural hiding places & setting up infrared cameras to record its behavior. “It was quite an experience,” says Superina, laughing. “Our lives revolved around this pink fairy armadillo. We couldn’t go anywhere because we had to be in the house every night to care for it, & study its behavior.”

The unusual houseguest was rather demanding. Superina brought it a variety of insects & worms, but the pink fairy turned up its pale nose at everything offered. Undeterred, the scientist tried one idea after the next. Finally, 36 meticulously-prepared recipes later, the armadillo tucked into a meal that apparently satisfied its gourmet tastes: a premium brand of cat food mixed with finely mashed banana, & sprinkled liberally with insectivore pellets. The finicky fairy would leave its burrow to eat the food at exactly 9 p.m. each night.

“If only the slightest thing was moved in the terrarium, the armadillo would start scurrying around making this eerie, high-pitched scream until everything was put back exactly in the same place,” says Superina.

Her fussy subject, alas, lived only 8 months, but the experiment provided valuable information about how to care for injured individuals during rehabilitation. Learning about the animal in the wild, however, remains difficult.

The pink fairy is particularly problematic because standard field observation techniques are of limited use. Radio transmitters used for tracking mammals, for example, are usually attached by placing collars around the neck; the armadillo’s body shape makes this nearly impossible. So Superina decided to use special glue to fasten a tiny radio transmitter to the pink fairy armadillo’s armored rear.

When a farmer found one of the animals out & about, “We went & attached a transmitter & released it back into the desert,” Superina says. “And off it went, looking like a little bumper car with the antennae trailing behind.” The next morning they found the tracks in the sand & began following the signal to look for the animal—only to discover that the transmitter had fallen off while it was digging itself back underground. She’s now exploring other options to track the armadillos, including one that relies on an animal that is usually more foe than friend to the pink fairy: the dog.

Superina is working with an organization that has successfully trained scent detection dogs in Africa to track down another secretive, armored insectivore: the pangolin. Superina hopes that a dog could be trained to locate pink fairy armadillos so researchers can fit them with improved radio transmitters.

For Superina, the search for the pink fairy has taken on an added sense of urgency. So little is known about the species that scientists can’t say whether it’s endangered—or how climate change is affecting it. “We just don’t know how these animals are going to cope,” Superina says.

For now, she waits, with a tiny transmitter at the ready, for the next appearance of her obsession. Tracking the animal underground will be a scientific milestone, but, perhaps more importantly, says Superina, it will be “a small step to better understanding this species, its needs, & what it needs from us for its conservation.”

Pink Fairy Armadillo: The Smallest Armadillo Species

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Wednesday, June 10, 2026

June 10/2026

                                

6 Fun Facts About Puffer Fish

By Janelle Leeson. Reviewed by Maria Zayas, DVM

2/ 21/ 2024

Puffer fish are well-known for their ability to puff themselves up. This defense tactic involves sucking water into their stomach, rendering them too large for predators to eat. Yet, the intrigue surrounding puffer fish goes far beyond their inflating skills.

We took a deep dive with expert fish curators to explore 6 fun facts about puffer fish.

1. There Are Over 190 Different Species of Puffer Fish 

Most puffer fish species are round in shape, but a few are more box-like, says Lizeth Webster, curator of fish & invertebrates at the Long Island Aquarium. If you have a saltwater aquarium, there are plenty of puffer fish species to choose from because most puffers thrive in saltwater. In comparison, there are less than 30 species of freshwater puffer fish.

2. Puffer Fish Don’t Have Scales … or Spines

Puffers are relatives of the spiny porcupinefish. However, where the 2 species differ is that porcupine fish are covered in spines.

“Puffers in fact do not have spines [or scales] on their bodies,” says Webster. “They have rough, textured flesh.” When it comes down to it, though, the spines of porcupine fish & the rough skin of puffers serve as good protection.

3. Puffer Fish Have Teeth

Puffer fish have 2 upper teeth & 2 lower teeth, both sets fused together to form a pointed beak-like structure. But they’re no ordinary teeth—puffer fish teeth form an overbite & continuously grow without routine care.

“To keep their teeth healthy & prevent them from overgrowing, puffers & porcupine fish chew on hard structures like clam shells or shellfish that naturally trim their teeth,” explains Webster. When they’re not fed a diet that includes hard substrates, a puffer fish’s teeth eventually become too large, which prevents them from properly opening their mouths.

4. Puffer Fish Have Strong Jaws

Wild puffer fish eat crustaceans & bivalves, such as crabs, shrimp, & mollusks. In home tanks, puffers are commonly fed prepared diets like fish meal-based pellets.

While convenient, a diet of pellets alone can lead to tooth & lead them to gnaw on aquarium decor. Therefore, Webster recommends adding frozen shrimp & clams or snails to your puffer’s diet. 

Just as intriguing as what puffer fish eat is how they eat it. “Many people who keep large puffers at home often hand-feed them,” says Nathan Farnau, curator of fishes & invertebrates at the Georgia Aquarium. Strong jaws allow puffers to open shells & other hard foods with gusto.

You can also feed your puffer fish live food to give them something to chase. They’re not the fastest swimmers, but they’re agile. Just be sure to keep live food in a separate tank for quarantine before feeding them to your puffer fish.

5. Puffer Fish Are Poisonous

Puffer fish are indeed poisonous & some even pose a lethal threat if eaten or touched.

All puffer fish have a chemical called tetrodotoxin in their liver, sex organs, & skin, although some species of puffers are more toxic than others. According to the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC), tetrodotoxin is an “extremely potent poison” that causes paralysis of the muscles. Webster says the northern puffer fish is among the few species with minimal levels of tetrodotoxin.

In general, handling most fish is not recommended because it can stress them out & disrupt their immune system. However, if you must handle your puffer fish, “always wear latex gloves & use a hard container that can accommodate a puffed-up fish,” says Webster. Never ingest aquarium water & ensure other pets can't access it.

6. Puffer Fish Require an Experienced Pet Parent

Puffer fish may not be the ideal fish for beginner aquarists. Farnau describes puffer fish as “very high maintenance.” Here are some important care considerations to keep in mind before bringing a puffer fish home:

They require a specially tailored habitat. Puffers do best in an interactive habitat with caves, arches, & plenty of sturdy structures they can chomp on. Webster says that while coral tanks are nice to look at, puffer fish will simply decimate the structures.

You might need a bigger aquarium than you think. Puffer fish come in a surprising range of sizes. There are minuscule 1-inch cuties like the pea puffer, which require a 20-gallon aquarium for exploration. Then, there are the giants like the Mbu puffer, which can exceed a whopping 2 feet in length & require much larger tanks. Thoroughly research the mature size of your ideal puffer fish species & purchase an appropriately sized tank for their adult size; these fish continue growing even if the tank is too small.

You’ll need a top-notch aquarium filter. Puffers are notoriously messy eaters. It’s recommended to remove any uneaten bits of food after mealtime to help keep the water clean. Even with the best filtration system, expect to clean your filter often & change your puffer’s water frequently.

Always commit to a pet for the span of their life. The lifespan of a puffer fish in captivity averages about 10 years, depending on the species. Farnau urges pet parents to "never acquire a fish without the commitment to meet [their] long-term needs.”

https://www.petmd.com/fish/fun-facts-about-puffer-fish?utm_source=NewsletterSubscribers&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=Newsletter&utm_ca

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